The U.S. Grains Council released its ninth annual Corn Harvest Quality Report Jan. 2 based on 623 samples collected from inbound farm-originating trucks at harvest from Aug. 30 to Dec. 3 in 12 key corn-producing stages representing over 90% of U.S. corn exports.
The report provides reliable U.S. corn quality information from farm to the customer based on transparent and consistent methodology. It gives an early view of grading factors established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, moisture content and other characteristics not reported elsewhere.
Results will be shared by USGC global staff and grower-leaders in a series of crop quality seminars around the world, beginning in Taiwan this week.
It will be followed by the Corn Export Cargo Quality Report in a few months that focuses on export cargo samples and tracks grain quality from the elevator to port.
“Through trade, the council is committed to the furtherance of global food security and mutual economic benefit and, in doing so, offers this report to assist buyers in making well-informed decisions by providing reliable and timely information about the quality of the current U.S. crop to promote the continuous expansion of trade,” said Darren Armstrong, USGC chairman.
Despite this past growing season’s challenges, USGC projects this year’s crop to be the sixth-largest U.S. corn crop on record at 13.661 billion bushels.
This year’s crop is following the three largest and highest-yielding corn crops in U.S. history.
“The ample supply provided by these consecutive large crops allows the United States to remain the world’s leading corn exporter and accounts for an estimated 28.1% of global corn exports during the marketing year,” Armstrong added.
“As industry stakeholders and international buyers make decisions about purchase contracts and processing needs for corn for feed, food or industrial use, corn quality information becomes critical,” said Kurt Shultz, USGC senior director of global strategies.
“Reports like the council’s crop quality reports provide transparency about crop conditions and consistently reinforce that the United States is the world’s most reliable supplier of good quality corn.”
Here are some key findings in the report:
Grade Factors, Moisture
- Lower test weight of 57.3 pounds per bushel than 2018 (58.4) and the five-year average (58.2). While 89.9% of the samples were above the minimum requirement for U.S. No. 2 grade, this proportion is lower than in 2018 and 2017, when 98.2% and 99.9% of samples, respectively, were at or above the minimum requirement for U.S. No. 2 grade.
- Higher average broken corn and foreign material (1%) than 2018 (0.7%) and the five-year average (0.8%). While the average is higher than in previous crops, 96.8% of the samples were below the limit for U.S. No. 2 grade.
- Total damage in the U.S. aggregate samples averaged 2.7% in 2019, higher than in 2018 and the five-year average, but below the limit for U.S. No. 1 grade (3%). A total of 73.5% of samples contained 3% or less damaged kernels.
- There was no observed heat damage in any samples received.
- Average U.S. aggregate moisture content in 2019 (17.5%) was higher than 2018 (16%), 2017 (16.6%) and the five-year average (16.2%). This is the highest average moisture observed in the nine-year history of the report and may be the result of historically late planting. Moisture variability also was higher than the five-year average and the two previous years.
Chemical Composition
- Protein concentration of 8.3% dry basis was lower than in 2018 (8.5%), 2017 (8.6%) and five-year average (8.5%).
- Starch concentration in 2019 (72.3% dry basis) was below 2018 and the same as 2017 and lower than the five-year average (72.9%).
- The average oil concentration of 4.1% dry basis was higher than in 2018 (4.0%), the same as in 2017 and higher than the five-year average (3.9%).
Physical Factors
- Stress cracks (9%) was higher than 2018, 2017 and five-year average (all 5%), indicating susceptibility to breakage in 2019 may be higher than 2018, 2017 and the five-year average.
- 100-kernel weight in 2019 (34.60 grams) was lower than 2018 (35.07 g), 2017 (36.07 g) and the five-year average (34.94 g).
- Average aggregate kernel volume in 2019 (0.28 cubic centimeters) was the same as 2018 and five-year average. (both 0.28 cm3) and lower than 2017 (0.29 cm3).
- Kernel true density averaged 1.247 grams per cubic centimeter in 2019, which was lower than 2018, 2017 and the five-year average.
- The whole kernels averaged 90.8% in 2019, lower than 2018 (93%) and the 5YA (93.3%), but higher than in 2017 (89.9%).
- Average horneous, or hard, endosperm in 2019 (81%) was the same as 2018 and 2017, but higher than the five-year average (80%).
Mycotoxins
- All but one sample, or 99.4%, of the 2019 samples, tested below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration action level for aflatoxin of 20 parts per billion; and 97.8% of the samples tested below 5 ppb.
- In 2019, 100% of the samples tested below the 5 parts per million FDA advisory level for deoxynivalenol, the same as in 2018 and 2017. Also, 59.9% of the samples tested below the USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service “Lower Conformance Limit,” a higher proportion than in 2018 and 2017. This increase may be attributed to weather conditions that were more conducive to DON development in 2019 than in 2018 and 2017.
- One hundred fifty-six of the 182 samples tested for fumonisin, or 85.7%, tested below the FDA’s strictest guidance level for fumonisin of 5 ppm.
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January 10, 2020 at 06:00AM
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